Cytoplasmic calcium regulation and the electrocardiogram in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Summary. Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is a disease caused by an abnormal cytosolic regulation of calcium concentration [Ca⁺⁺]_i leading to an increased secretion of parathyroid hormone and thereby increased levels of extracellular calcium. It is well known that the QT-interval measured at electrocardiography (ECG) is shortened in HPT subjects. Whether this is due to an abnormal intracellular handling of calcium also in the heart or to the raised extracellular calcium levels is not known. In order to study the extent to which the deranged extra- and intracellular levels of calcium in HPT patients were related to ECG characteristics, [Ca⁺⁺]_i was determined in vitro by microfluorometry in surgery-removed parathyroid cells at extracellular calcium concentrations of 0–5 mM and 30-0 mM and ECG was recorded preoperatively in 42 HPT patients and in 15 subjects operated on for atoxic goitre. Serum calcium and plasma-ionized calcium also were measured preoperatively. The QT-interval and ST-segment duration were both shortened in the HPT patients compared to controls (P < 0–001). [Ca⁺⁺]_i at 3-0 mM extracellular calcium divided by that at 0–5 mM was correlated to the QT-interval, when measured at the onset of the T-wave (QoT, r= 0–39, P < 0–03) and early diastolic phase (end of T-wave to onset of p-wave, r= -0–34, P= 0–05). Plasma ionized calcium was related inversely to the QT-interval, when measured to the apex of the T-wave (QaT, r= -0–48, P < 0–04), while the non-ionized form of calcium in serum was correlated to the length of the PQ-interval (r= 0–53, P< 002). The study described here showed the altered cytosolic calcium levels in the HPT subjects to be related to QoT-interval and early diastolic phase implying that a defect intracellular handling of calcium could be present also in the heart to cause these ECG changes. On the other hand, the levels of plasma ionized and serum non-ionized calcium were related to ECG characteristics suggesting that the extracellular levels of this ion are important.,     

Eye Tumors Misdiagnosed as Glaucoma

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甲状旁腺CT三维重组对难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症的术前诊断意义和生化相关性研究

目的：探讨甲状旁腺CT三维重组在难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症( SHPT)术前诊断与评价中的应用价值,并分析增生甲状旁腺的体积与主要生化指标的相关性。方法48例确诊SHPT患者术前行甲状旁腺CT三维重组,将检查结果与术后病理对照研究,分析两者的一致性和CT检查的检出率,并研究增生甲状旁腺的体积与血磷及甲状旁腺激素( PTH)的相关关系。结果 CT三维重组对增生甲状旁腺的检出阳性率为92．9%(172/185),甲状腺双侧叶后方检出率差异无统计学意义;CT测得的增生甲状旁腺体积与术前血磷及PTH值均呈明显正相关性。结论 CT三维重组对难治性继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者的增生甲状旁腺有很高的检出率,能清晰显示病灶的解剖位置以及与相邻结构的关系,结合相关生化检查能较好的反映患者病情的严重程度,对临床术前诊断和评价增生甲状旁腺具有很高的指导意义。     

Evaluation of volumetric changes of teeth in a Brazilian population by using cone beam computed tomography

The purpose of this study was to test the usefulness of some morphometric parameters of the teeth in 5 different age groups through images of Cone Beam CT. 118 upper central incisors clinically acquired of 60 women and 58 men aged between 22 and 70 years were selected. The hard tissue volume and the pulp cavity volume of each tooth was obtained and computed by the software DentalSlice^® and the measures were assessed (pulp cavity volume, hard tissue volume, tooth volume and pulp cavity/tooth volume ratio). The pulp cavity volume and the pulp cavity/tooth volume ratio showed significant differences between age groups (p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis showed a coefficient of determination of 0.21 which suggests that there is a weak correlation between the pulp cavity/tooth volume ratio and age.     

急性深静脉血栓患者早期下床活动与卧床休息的系统评价

目的：评价与卧床休息相比,早期下床活动对急性深静脉血栓患者继发肺栓塞率的有效性。方法运用计算机检索Cochrane、JBI、Medline、EMbase、CINAHL、Web of Knowledge、CBM、万方和CNKI数据库,查找关于对比早期下床活动和卧床休息处理急性深静脉血栓患者继发肺栓塞问题的相关研究文献。检索时间均从建库至2015年1月1日。由2位评价员按纳入与排除标准独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价质量后,采用RevMan 5．3软件进行M eta分析。结果共纳入9项研究,共847例患者。M eta分析结果显示：与卧床休息相比,早期下床活动对急性深静脉血栓患者继发肺栓塞率[RR＝0．42,95％ CI（0．16,1．09）,P＝0．08]差异无统计学意义。结论现有证据表明：早期下床活动不会增加深静脉血栓患者继发肺栓塞率。鉴于纳入研究数量有限,上述结论尚需开展更多研究予以验证。     

Low academic achievement as a predictor of test anxiety in secondary school students

ObjectivesThe present study had two objectives: 1) to examine the differences between students with different levels of academic achievement (low, average and high) in Anxiety/Depression and Test Anxiety; and 2) to test the predictive effect of academic achievement on test anxiety.MethodData were collected in two moments. In time 1, the sample was comprised of 305 students. The students were aged between 15 to 18 years, attending secondary school. The assessment protocol consisted of a Socio-demographic Data Sheet, the Youth Self-Report and the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale.ResultsStudents with low academic achievement presented higher test anxiety than students with average and high academic achievement. Low academic achievement on time 1 predicted higher levels of test anxiety on time 2 when186 participants remained in the study.ConclusionResults suggest the importance of early psychological intervention with students with low academic achievement, and the relevance of promoting the development of skills that enable students to manage their test anxiety.     

Secondary acute myeloblastic leukemia with t(16;21)(q24;q22) involving the AML1 gene

A t(16;21)(q24;q22) translocation was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia previously treated for malignant lymphoma. While the breakpoint on chromosome 21 was within the AML1 gene as determined by FISH, the gene partner on chromosome 16 could not be identified. Band 16q24 appears to be rearranged in several types of myeloid proliferation and a review of the literature shows that these rearrangements most often occur in secondary leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome or are part of complex chromosomal rearrangements.     

胰岛素联合瑞易宁与单用胰岛素治疗继发性口服降糖药物失效的2型糖尿病的对比研究

目的 探讨胰岛素联合瑞易宁治疗与单用胰岛素控制稳定的继发性口服降糖药物失效的2型糖尿病的疗效及可能益处。方法 42例继发性药物失效的2型糖尿病患者用胰岛素控制糖代谢稳定至少2个月后 ,加用瑞易宁治疗 ,剂量从5mg/d开始 ,最大剂量20mg/d ,同时调整胰岛素用量 ,观察3个月。采用前后对比研究的方法 ,观察患者治疗前后的疗效和相关指标的变化。结果 胰岛素联合瑞易宁和单用胰岛素对继发性药物失效的2型糖尿病患者比较 ,空腹血糖(FBG)、糖基化血红蛋白(HbAlc)均能有效控制 ,餐后2h血糖(2hPG)的控制优于单用胰岛素治疗[(10.5±3.2)～(8.2±2.6)mmol/L,p<0.05],联合用药能明显减少胰岛素的用量[(45.2±10.6)u/d～(18.3±3.2)u/d,p<0.001] ,其中2例患者可以停用胰岛素治疗。(空腹C肽/空腹血糖)×100从(0.11±0.03)增加到(0.21±0.05)(p<0.05)。结论 胰岛素联合瑞易宁能控制继发口服降糖药物失效的2型糖尿病的糖代谢水平 ,可能避免对2型糖尿病大血管病变有关的高胰岛素血症。     

缺血修饰白蛋白对重型颅脑损伤患者早期心肌损伤的评估价值

目的探讨缺血修饰白蛋白（IMA）对重型颅脑损伤继发心肌损伤的早期诊断价值及其与患者预后的关系。方法检测52例重型颅脑损伤患者（实验组）血清IMA、心肌肌钙蛋白（cTnI）、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK～MB）、肌红蛋白（MYO）,并检测同期46例健康体检者血清IMA。结果实验组血清IMA水平显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。实验组血清IMA、cTnI、MYO、CK-MB阳性率分别为78．84％、53．85％、32．69％、30．77％,IMA的阳性率显著高于cTnI、MYO、CK—MB的阳性率（P〈0．01）。GCS6-8分组、4-5分组、3分组的ACB值分别为（67.21±5．96）U／ml、（52．85±5．13）U／ml、（40．78±4．85）U／ml,三组间ACB值有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。预后差（GOS评分4～5分）患者血清IMA水平显著低于预后好患者（GOS评分1～3分,P〈0．01）。结论IMA对重型颅脑损伤继发心肌损伤的早期诊断有重要价值,并且检测IMA有助于评估重型颅脑损伤患者的病情严重程度及预后。     

Incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into rat liver tumor and normal tissues and the liver nucleotide profile after administration by the hepatic artery during portal venous branch ligation

A therapeutic dose of labelled 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was infused via the hepatic artery during 30 min with or without ligation of the left portal venous branch in Wistar rats with a secondary liver cancer in the left lateral lobe. After another 60 min, the incorporation of 5-FU into the acid soluble fraction (ASF), ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), was determined in tumor, ligated and unligated liver lobes, small intestine, kidney, and bone marrow. The liver nucleotide profile was examined with isotachophoresis. Portal venous branch ligation (PVBL) caused the following changes, compared with the unligated control group: in the tumor, the incorporation of 5-FU into RNA and DNA decreased and the ratio RNA/acid-soluble fraction labelling decreased. The incorporation increased in intestinal and bone marrow RNA. It was unchanged in liver and kidney. The ratio of tumor to peripheral normal-tissue (small intestine, bone marrow, and kidney) labelling of RNA and DNA decreased. Liver nucleotides (F) UTP, (F)UDP-glucuronic acid, (F)UDP-N-acetylhexosamine, and NAD were lower in the ligated than in the unligated liver lobe. ATP and energy charge did not decrease significantly. In conclusion, PVBL in conjunction with hepatic arterial administration of 5-FU increased systemic drug exposure and possibly decreased hepatic tumor anabolism. It has not been examined how this interferes with the therapeutic effect.